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Carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions in inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry

机译：电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法中基于碳，硫和磷的电荷转移反应

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摘要

In this work, the influence of carbon-, sulfur-, and phosphorus-based charge transfer reactions on the emission signal of 34 elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, I, In, Ir, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Pd, Pt, S, Sb, Se, Sr, Te, and Zn) in axially viewed inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry has been investigated. To this end, atomic and ionic emission signals for diluted glycerol, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid solutions were registered and results were compared to those obtained for a 1% w w− 1 nitric acid solution. Experimental results show that the emission intensities of As, Se, and Te atomic lines are enhanced by charge transfer from carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus ions. Iodine and P atomic emission is enhanced by carbon- and sulfur-based charge transfer whereas the Hg atomic emission signal is enhanced only by carbon. Though signal enhancement due to charge transfer reactions is also expected for ionic emission lines of the above-mentioned elements, no experimental evidence has been found with the exception of Hg ionic lines operating carbon solutions. The effect of carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus charge transfer reactions on atomic emission depends on (i) wavelength characteristics. In general, signal enhancement is more pronounced for electronic transitions involving the highest upper energy levels; (ii) plasma experimental conditions. The use of robust conditions (i.e. high r.f. power and lower nebulizer gas flow rates) improves carbon, sulfur, and phosphorus ionization in the plasma and, hence, signal enhancement; and (iii) the presence of other concomitants (e.g. K or Ca). Easily ionizable elements reduce ionization in the plasma and consequently reduce signal enhancement due to charge transfer reactions.
机译：在这项工作中，碳，硫和磷基电荷转移反应对34种元素（Ag，Al，As，Au，B，Ba，Be，Ca，Cd，Co，Cr，轴向观察到的Cu，Fe，Ga，Hg，I，In，Ir，K，Li，Mg，Mn，Na，Ni，P，Pb，Pd，Pt，S，Sb，Se，Sr，Te和Zn）电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱法已经进行了研究。为此，记录了稀释的甘油，硫酸和磷酸溶液的原子和离子发射信号，并将结果与​​1％ww-1硝酸溶液获得的结果进行了比较。实验结果表明，As，Se和Te原子线的发射强度通过碳，硫和磷离子的电荷转移而增强。碳和硫基电荷转移增强了碘和P原子的发射，而碳仅增强了Hg原子发射的信号。尽管也期望上述元素的离子发射线由于电荷转移反应而引起信号增强，但是除了使用碳溶液的Hg离子线以外，没有发现实验证据。碳，硫和磷电荷转移反应对原子发射的影响取决于（i）波长特性。通常，对于涉及最高最高能级的电子跃迁，信号增强更为明显。 （ii）血浆实验条件。使用坚固的条件（即高射频功率和较低的雾化器气体流速）可改善等离子体中的碳，硫和磷离子化程度，从而增强信号强度； （iii）其他伴随物（例如K或Ca）的存在。易于电离的元素可减少等离子体中的电离，从而降低由于电荷转移反应而引起的信号增强。

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